Defeating Periodontal Disease in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

James is an author, a lifelong dog lover, and a former Special Forces Medical Sergeant who worked extensively with Military Working Dogs.

James O’Sullivan

Periodontal disease is a common yet often overlooked health issue in dogs. It is estimated that up to 80% of dogs over three suffer from some form of dental disease, leading to serious health problems if left untreated (American Veterinary Medical Association). As responsible dog owners, it is important to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for periodontal disease in dogs. In this article, we will explore this topic in-depth, citing reliable sources to provide accurate and up-to-date information (American Animal Hospital Association; Veterinary Oral Health Council). By learning how to prevent and treat periodontal disease in dogs, we can help our furry companions live happier, healthier lives.

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Causes of Periodontal Disease in Dogs

Periodontal disease is caused by a buildup of bacteria and plaque on the teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and tooth structure damage (American Veterinary Medical Association). Poor dental hygiene, such as infrequent brushing and lack of professional cleanings, can contribute to this buildup and increase the risk of periodontal disease (American Animal Hospital Association).

Certain breeds may also be more predisposed to developing periodontal disease due to genetics or the shape of their teeth and jaws (Hennet and Harvey; Wiggs and Lobprise). For example, small breed dogs like Chihuahuas and toy poodles are more likely to develop periodontal disease than larger breeds (Harvey and Emily). Other risk factors for periodontal disease in dogs include age, diet, and overall health (American Veterinary Medical Association).

By understanding the causes of periodontal disease in dogs, we can take steps to prevent and treat this common health issue. Regular dental care at home, such as daily tooth brushing and dental-friendly treats, can help prevent bacteria and plaque buildup on the teeth and gums. Professional dental cleanings and checkups with a veterinarian are also recommended for dogs of all ages (American Animal Hospital Association)

Symptoms of Periodontal Disease in Dogs

Periodontal disease can progress slowly, often with few noticeable symptoms in its early stages. As the disease advances, however, there are several signs that pet owners can watch for to help identify and address the issue.

Early Stages of Periodontal Disease in Dogs

Bad breath (halitosis) is one of the earliest signs of periodontal disease in dogs and is often caused by bacteria in the mouth (American Veterinary Medical Association).
Yellow or brown discoloration on teeth can indicate the presence of plaque or tartar buildup, which can lead to periodontal disease if left untreated (American Animal Hospital Association).
Mild gingivitis, or redness and inflammation of the gums, is a common early sign of periodontal disease (Wiggs and Lobprise).

Advanced Stages of Periodontal Disease in Dogs

Severe gingivitis and periodontitis, which involve the loss of gum and bone tissue around the teeth, can cause the teeth to become loose or fall out (American Veterinary Medical Association).
Loose or missing teeth can make it difficult for dogs to eat or chew and may also be a sign of advanced periodontal disease (Wiggs and Lobprise).
Difficulty eating or chewing may indicate pain or discomfort associated with periodontal disease (American Animal Hospital Association).
Pawing at the mouth or face may be a sign of discomfort or irritation in the mouth (Wiggs and Lobprise).
Drooling excessively may indicate pain or difficulty eating due to periodontal disease (Harvey and Emily).
Blood in the saliva or on chew toys may indicate that the gums are inflamed and bleeding, which can be a sign of periodontal disease (American Veterinary Medical Association).

By recognizing the symptoms, owners can seek prompt veterinary care and prevent the disease from progressing.

Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease in Dogs

Dental examination

Veterinarians will evaluate the dog’s dental health by examining the teeth, gums, and other structures in the mouth (AAHA, 2019).
The examination may include probing the gumline, assessing the degree of tartar buildup, and evaluating any loose or missing teeth.
This exam is typically performed under anesthesia to allow for a thorough evaluation of the mouth and to ensure the safety and comfort of the dog.

Dental x-rays

X-rays may be recommended to detect any underlying issues that may not be visible during the examination (Wiggs & Lobprise, 2018).
X-rays can reveal the extent of bone loss around the teeth, identify abscesses or other dental infections, and provide a clearer picture of the dog’s overall dental health.
These X-rays are also typically performed under anesthesia.

Grading and Staging of the Disease

Grading and staging systems are often used to classify the severity of periodontal disease and guide treatment options (AAHA, 2019).
The grading system evaluates the severity of gingivitis based on the degree of redness and swelling of the gums.
The staging system assesses the degree of damage to the gum tissue and bone surrounding the teeth.
These systems help veterinarians develop a treatment plan tailored to the dog’s specific needs and provide a basis for monitoring the progression of the disease over time.

Overall, veterinarians can accurately diagnose and recommend appropriate treatment options by conducting a thorough dental examination, including x-rays and grading and staging of the disease. It’s essential to catch and treat periodontal disease early to prevent further complications and improve your furry friend’s overall quality of life.

Treatment of Periodontal Disease in Dogs

Professional Dental Cleaning and Scaling

Professional dental cleaning is the primary treatment for periodontal disease and involves removing plaque and tartar buildup above and below the gum line (AAHA, 2019).
Scaling is a process that involves cleaning the surface of the teeth and below the gum line to remove any debris and bacteria that may be present.
This treatment is typically performed under anesthesia to ensure the comfort and safety of the dog.

Extractions of Severely Damaged Teeth

In advanced cases of periodontal disease, extraction of damaged teeth may be necessary to prevent further infection and pain (Wiggs & Lobprise, 2018).
This procedure is typically done under anesthesia and may involve the removal of one or more teeth, depending on the severity of the disease.

Antibiotics and Pain Management

Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat any active infections that may be present (Wiggs & Lobprise, 2018).
Pain management may also be necessary, particularly after extractions or other invasive procedures.

Ongoing Dental Care and Prevention

Once periodontal disease has been treated, ongoing dental care and prevention are essential to maintaining good oral health and preventing further damage (AAHA, 2019).
This may include regular dental cleanings, daily tooth brushing, and dental chews or toys.

By providing appropriate treatment, including professional dental cleaning and scaling, extractions of severely damaged teeth, antibiotics and pain management, and ongoing dental care and prevention, the progression of periodontal disease can be slowed or even halted. It is essential to work with your veterinarian to develop a comprehensive dental care plan tailored to the specific needs of your furry friend.

Conclusion

In conclusion, periodontal disease is a common yet often overlooked issue among dogs. Key takeaways from this article include:

Periodontal disease is caused by a buildup of bacteria and plaque on the teeth and gums, leading to inflammation, infection, and potential tooth loss.
Common symptoms of periodontal disease include bad breath, discoloration of teeth, loose or missing teeth, and difficulty eating or chewing.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing the progression of the disease, which can result in pain, infection, and a decreased quality of life for your furry friend.
Regular dental check-ups and cleanings, daily tooth brushing, and providing appropriate chew toys can help prevent periodontal disease and maintain good oral health in dogs.

As pet owners, it is important to prioritize our furry friends’ dental health and take steps to prevent and treat periodontal disease. By doing so, we can ensure that our dogs stay healthy, happy, and pain-free for years to come.

FAQ

What is periodontal disease in dogs?

Periodontal disease in dogs is a common oral health issue that affects the teeth, gums, and supporting structures. It is caused by a buildup of bacteria and plaque on the teeth, leading to inflammation, infection, and damage to the surrounding tissues.

What causes periodontal disease in dogs?

Periodontal disease in dogs is caused by a buildup of bacteria and plaque on the teeth. Other factors that can contribute to the development of the disease include poor dental hygiene, genetics, and breed predisposition.

What are the symptoms of periodontal disease in dogs?

Symptoms of periodontal disease in dogs can include bad breath, discoloration on the teeth, gingivitis, loose or missing teeth, difficulty eating or chewing, pawing at the mouth or face, drooling, and blood in the saliva or on chew toys.

How is periodontal disease in dogs diagnosed?

Periodontal disease in dogs is diagnosed through a dental examination and dental X-rays. The disease is also graded and staged based on the severity of the infection and damage to the teeth and gums.

How is periodontal disease in dogs treated?

Treatment for periodontal disease in dogs typically involves professional dental cleaning and scaling, extractions of severely damaged teeth, antibiotics and pain management, and ongoing dental care and prevention.

Can periodontal disease in dogs be prevented?

Yes, periodontal disease in dogs can be prevented through regular dental check-ups and good dental hygiene practices at home, such as brushing your dog’s teeth, feeding them a healthy diet, and providing them with dental chews or toys.

What are the consequences of untreated, periodontal disease in dogs?

Untreated, periodontal disease in dogs can lead to various health issues, including pain and discomfort, tooth loss, infections, and even systemic diseases affecting other organs in the body.

How often should my dog receive dental check-ups?

Your dog should receive dental check-ups at least once a year, but some dogs may require more frequent check-ups depending on their oral health status.

What can I do at home to help prevent periodontal disease in my dog?

To help prevent periodontal disease in your dog, you can brush their teeth regularly, feed them a healthy diet, and provide them with dental chews or toys. You can also discuss additional oral hygiene practices that may be appropriate for your dog with your veterinarian.

Are some breeds more susceptible to periodontal disease than others?

Some breeds are more susceptible to periodontal disease than others, notably smaller ones with crowded teeth and short snouts. However, any dog can develop the periodontal disease if proper oral hygiene practices are not followed.